Why and when should PRK surgery be performed?

PRK is one of the first surgical procedures to correct refractive errors of the eye, which is used to correct myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism. Compared to LASIK, the recovery period for PRK is slightly longer. However, this procedure is widely performed and in some cases has significant advantages compared to LASIK. The mechanism of this procedure is similar to LASIK. In other words, the cornea is reshaped by a laser so that light is properly focused on the retina and the patient's vision improves.

The main difference between PRK and LASIK is the method of accessing the treatment site. In LASIK, the outer layer is removed and a hinge-shaped device is attached to the surface of the cornea to perform the treatment. While in PRK, the entire outer layer is removed and removed. In both methods, the stroma layer is abraded with the help of an excimer laser to correct refractive errors.

There is another type of PRK surgery called LASIK or LASEK. In this procedure, after removing the epithelium layer (with a trephine), the surface of the cornea is reshaped using an excimer laser, similar to PRK. After this step is completed, the surgeon carefully returns the epithelium to its original position. LASIK has a much slower recovery compared to PRK surgery because the repair of the epithelium layer takes much longer than its regrowth.

PRK compared to LASIKv

Most of the time, the results of PRK and LASIK are comparable, but the initial improvement of PRK takes longer due to the regrowth of epithelial cells. In addition, there is a risk of eye infection and blurred vision.

Despite these cases, PRK surgery has the advantage that, because the outer layer is not attached to the cornea, the entire thickness of the stroma layer is available for laser treatment. Therefore, PRK is recommended in cases where the cornea is thin or the person has previously undergone LASIK. On the other hand, during PRK, the possibility of excessive removal of corneal tissue is minimized.

How is PRK performed?

In PRK, the epithelium layer in the center of the cornea is first removed with alcohol and special surgical instruments. Then, the surface of the cornea is reshaped using an excimer laser to precisely adjust its curvature. Finally, the lens is bandaged. New epithelial cells grow back within five days, after which the bandage can be removed at the discretion of the treating physician.

Considerations needed about PRK

Before the operation

First, find a doctor who is an expert in PRK. Next, the person will undergo a complete eye examination and the following tests for laser use:

1. Pupil size
2. Eye moisture and dry eye risk assessment
3. Corneal curvature
4. Corneal thickness

The specialist also considers the person's general health, medical history, and use of other medications. People who wear contact lenses should remove them for a period of time before the eye exam because contact lenses affect the natural shape of the cornea.

During the operation

PRK is performed on an outpatient basis and takes about 15 minutes. The doctor may administer a mild oral sedative to help the patient relax. Anesthetic eye drops are also used. A speculum is used to hold the eyelids open. During the procedure, the patient is asked to look at a specific light so that the ophthalmologist can examine the inside of the eye with a microscope while sending pulses of light to the cornea.

Laser energy removes microscopically small areas of tissue and reshapes the cornea. Most people do not report any discomfort during the procedure; however, there may be increased pressure in the eye. PRK is performed on each eye separately (one after the other on the same day). It is also possible to have the procedure done at intervals.

Immediately after the operation

You will be asked to rest for a short time before you can return home (of course, someone will have to drive you there). Your doctor will usually prescribe antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, and painkillers to reduce any discomfort and speed up the healing process. It is important to follow your doctor's instructions. To ensure that your treatment is working properly, you will need to attend regular check-ups and follow-up appointments for several weeks after the procedure.

Considering the longer treatment period of PRK compared to LASIK, the person will be able to drive one to three weeks after the surgery. However, the person will achieve clear and stable vision three to six months after this surgery.